Data mining dm is a combination of database and artificial intelligent used to provide useful information to both technical and nontechnical users which will help them to make. Underground mining fact sheet ohio department of natural resources division of mineral resources management dmrm minerals. It must be of highenoughgrade toallow of good triangula tion work, and not toosensitivefor rough usage. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. Mining techniques can be divided into two common excavation types. Using some data mining techniques for early diagnosis of lung cancer zakaria suliman zubi1, rema asheibani saad2 1sirte university, faculty of science, computer science department sirte, p. Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. The environmental toll of underground mining is significant. Underground mining techniques and risks geology for investors. This paper was first presented at project evaluation conference, adelaide, south australia on 89 march 2016. Mining techniques can be divided into two broad categories. It includes a variety of features such as fully upgraded electrical system, canmetcertified diesel engines, stainless steel dash and heavy duty mining type switches, walkthrough operator compartment, protective operator guards, safety starting system, and inching pedal. Underground mining methods study guide by fransterz includes 16 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more.
Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Dr wilkes paper, although treating a problem similar to that of dr deist, differed in that an attempt was made to set up a. We have broken the discussion into two sections, each with a specific theme. Jun 14, 20 mining techniques can be divided into two broad categories. Soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as. Then you can start reading kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer no kindle device required. Peeface theauthorhastriediiithisworktomeettheoftenexpressed wishofstudents,teachers,andpracticingsurveyorsforabook givingthebestofamericanpractice. Underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods. Strength of the hanging wall, footwall, and ore body. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1.
This paper deals with responders to underground mine fires. Miners enjoy a lunch break in the makeshift crib rooms at one of illawarra coals underground mines in australia. Mineral exploitation in which all the extraction is carried out beneath the surface of earth. Data mining has importance regarding finding the patterns, forecasting, discovery of knowledge etc. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st. Journal for the transportation of materials in bulk. An underground mine consists of the portals entrance and exits to the mines, mains, submains, panels, and working faces. Data mining techniques and algorithms such as classification, clustering etc. Jan 27, 2014 undergrounds mining is still, even after hundreds of years of safety improvements, a dangerous and expensive business. A manual of underground surveying civil engineering.
It is not an exact science and in the choice of a method each varying factor has a certain weight, which, in many cases, experience alone can determine. Abstract underground mine scheduling decisionmaking has been based on production requirements, equipment. Bulk solids handling, vol 7, n6, december 1987, pp827833. And from the users perspective you will be faced with a conscious choice when solving a data mining problem as to whether you wish to attack it with statistical methods or other data mining techniques. Optimising underground mining strategies srk exploration. International journal of science research ijsr, online 2319.
International journal of science research ijsr, online. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Optimising underground mining strategies a m ebbels. In any discussion of methods of underground mining comparison, one is repeatedly confronted with the difficulty of dealing with so many variable conditions.
Surface mining consists of stripping soil and vegetation away and possibly a limited amount of rock and then removing ore in large quantities. A wide range of problems facing mining engineers is discussed, namely. The simulator is hybrid in nature in that the shuttle cars, trains and belts are simulated dcterministically, whereas rate functions with delay frequencies are entered for the continuous mining operations of sumping, shearing, fleeting, cleaning, etc. Bahuguna, dheeraj kumar, sunil kumar associate professor, sr. This is a loose term implying any fatal gas in a mine after an explosion or fire.
The choice of an underground mining method depends on a range of factors and these include. This book describes mining methods for the surface and underground mineral deposits. Underground mining methods glossary bolting drilling a hole, and inserting a bolt to strengthen the ceiling and walls of an underground mine crusher a machine used to crush ore before it is transported drift a horizontal underground tunnel that follows a vein or ore body. In combination, these factors allow us to determine an appropriate arrangement and sequence for. These are the methods techniques employed when the depth of the deposit,the stripping ratio of the overburden to ore,or both becomes excessive to surface exploitation. Reflecting the international and diverse nature of the industry, a series of mining case studies is presented covering the commodity range from iron ore to diamonds extracted by operations located in all corners of the world. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. It includes air pollution, changes in waterflow patterns, chemical and gas seepage into water supplies and soil, inaccessible fires in abandoned mines, and dramatic changes in land composition that can make the area unusable after the mining operation is done source. Economic value of the ore and grade distribution within the deposit. Mine planning the southern african institute of mining.
Appendix f underground coal mining methods and engineering dust controls. Mining industry response to the book continues to be incredible. Using some data mining, techniques such as neural networks and association rule mining techniques to detection early lung cancer. Machine learning techniques technical basis for data mining. Today, surface mining is much more common, and produces, for example, 85% of minerals excluding petroleum and natural gas in the united states, including 98% of metallic ores.
Glossary of mining terminology after damp gasses resulting from underground combustion, normally carbon monoxide. Both methods are well suited to extracting the relatively flat coalbeds or coal seams typical of. Enter your mobile number or email address below and well send you a link to download the free kindle app. The revenue from the sale of the ore keeps the venture going and finances further development. Using some data mining techniques for early diagnosis of lung. After the ore body has been delineated and defined, a company may make several feasibility studies to determine the best way to mine the ore. Thanks in large part to the efforts by john chadwick of the mining journal, and many other members of the mining community, the hard rock miners handbook has been distributed to over 1 countries worldwide. Definition of longwall mining a high extraction method of mining along the face of a predefined block of coal, referred to as a panel, while allowing the immediate roof to collapse upon advancement panel configuration panels generally range in size from 500 to 1,000 feet in width and lengths exceeding two miles.
Mining methods coal is mined using one of two methods, underground or surface mining. An overview of data mining techniques excerpted from the book by alex berson, stephen smith, and kurt thearling building data mining applications for crm introduction this overview provides a description of some of the most common data mining algorithms in use today. Using some data mining techniques for early diagnosis of. The second section describes underground mining equipment, with particular focus on excavation machinery such as boomheaders, coal cutters, continuous miners and shearers. Underground mining methods and technology, volume 1 1st edition. Underground mining underground mines in the united states are typically operated using one of two different methods. In 2010, people everywhere were riveted to the story of the 33 miners in chile trapped 2,300 feet 700 meters underground in a copper and gold mine.
Solution mining includes both borehole mining, such as the methods used to extrac t sodium chloride or sulfur, and leaching, either through drillholes or in dumps or heap s on the surface. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. But data mining is not limited to automated analysis. The methods are generalized and focus on typical applications from different mining areas around the world, keeping in mind, however, that every mineral deposit, with its geology, grade, shape, and volume, is unique. Mine planning the southern african institute of mining and. Yamatomi encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. These are the methodstechniques employed when the depth of the deposit,the stripping ratio of the overburden to ore,or both becomes excessive to surface exploitation. It discusses the ev olutionary path of database tec hnology whic h led up to the need for data mining, and the imp ortance of its application p oten tial. Typically, underground mine has less environmental impact. Data mining can be used by businesses in many ways. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. This video shows the minemaster r20s shotcreter mine utility vehicle. The basic arc hitecture of data mining systems is describ ed, and a brief in tro duction to the concepts of database systems and data w arehouses is giv en.
The miners spent more than two months there, getting. Its wise for an investor to understand both the basic workings for an underground mine and the risks associated with underground mining. An excellent teaching tool and source book, techniques in underground mining is a must for any mining student or engineer. The intent of this book is to describe some recent data mining tools that have proven effective in dealing with data sets which often involve uncertain description or other complexities that cause difficulty for the conven. Knowledge discovery by humans can be enhanced by graphical tools and identification of unexpected patterns through a combination of human and computer interaction. Underground or deep mining surface or opencut mining the choice of method is largely determined by the geology of the coal deposit, in particular the. The primary objective of underground mining is to extract ore safely and economically while minimizing handling of waste rock. International journal of science and research ijsr, india online issn. Lecturer, senior technical assistant department of mining engineering, indian school of mines, dhanbad 826004 abstract although surveying techniques have always played a primary role in. The theme is mining in adverse conditions using stateoftheart technology. Air shaft a vertical opening into a mine for the passage of air. Jul 21, 2016 underground mining is the process of extracting minerals and ores that are located too far underground to be mined efficiently using surface mining methods. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies.
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